ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's
ability to focus, control impulses, and manage hyperactive behavior. It typically begins in childhood and can
continue into adulthood.
Key Characteristics:
1. Inattention - difficulty sustaining focus, following instructions, or organizing tasks.2. Hyperactivity - excessive movement or talking, especially in inappropriate settings.3. Impulsivity - acting without thinking, interrupting others, or making hasty decisions.
Types of ADHD
1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (formerly ADD)2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation3. Combined Presentation - symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity
ADHD can affect academic, social, and occupational functioning but is manageable with behavioralstrategies, therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.
Signs and Symptoms of ADHD
1. Inattention:- Easily distracted or forgetful in daily activities- Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play- Frequently makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities- Avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort- Often loses items (e.g., school supplies, keys, glasses)- Doesn't seem to listen when spoken to directly- Fails to follow through on instructions or finish tasks- Struggles with organization
ADHD: Overview, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
- Frequently switches from one activity to another
2. Hyperactivity/Impulsivity:- Fidgeting, tapping hands or feet, or squirming in seat- Difficulty staying seated when expected- Runs or climbs inappropriately (in adults, restlessness)- Talks excessively- Blurts out answers or interrupts before questions are completed- Trouble waiting their turn- Interrupts or intrudes on others- Acts without thinking or considers consequences too late
Note: For diagnosis, symptoms must:- Be present for at least 6 months- Be inappropriate for developmental level- Cause impairment in two or more settings (home, school, work)